Understanding and Treating Submandibular Gland Swelling

Our salivary glands often go unnoticed until a problem arises. These vital glands produce saliva, essential for chewing, swallowing, speaking, and cleaning teeth. Among them are the submandibular glands, located on each side of the face, just in front of the curve of the lower jaw. These walnut-sized glands produce saliva rich in enzymes for food breakdown and minerals that protect tooth enamel from acids, also making food easier to swallow. Causes of Submandibular Gland Swelling If you notice swelling beneath your lower jaw, it's often due to a swollen submandibular gland. The most common cause is tiny salivary stones (sialolithiasis) blocking the ducts that channel saliva into the mouth. These stones, which can form from salts in saliva, especially when dehydrated, can lead to swelling and pain. Sialolithiasis is the most prevalent salivary gland disease, with the submandibular gland being affected in 83% of cases. While the exact reason for stone formation isn't fully understood, it can be linked to liver disease and gout. Blocked ducts can also lead to salivary gland infections, which may present with redness and pus in addition to swelling. Less commonly, salivary gland swelling can be a symptom of a tumor. Swelling from a tumor, whether cancerous or noncancerous, tends to be firmer than that caused by an infection. Cancerous tumors are typically very hard and fixed, whereas noncancerous ones might be movable. It's crucial to consult your dentist or doctor to determine the underlying cause and establish an effective treatment plan. Treatments for Swollen Salivary Glands Prompt treatment of a swollen salivary gland, particularly when a stone is the culprit, can prevent infection. Increasing saliva production by staying hydrated and chewing sugar-free gum can help dislodge stones. Gently massaging the affected area may also be beneficial. If these home remedies aren't effective, a medical professional might manually push or use a small instrument to remove the stone. In rare instances, surgical removal may be necessary. If a medical condition contributes to salivary gland stones, treating that condition can reduce future stone formation. For infections, doctors may prescribe antibiotics and, if needed, drain any abscesses. Tumors generally require surgical removal, with cancerous tumors needing urgent attention and ongoing monitoring. To alleviate pain and discomfort from submandibular gland swelling, applying a warm compress and rinsing with salt water can provide relief. Preventing Salivary Gland Swelling Maintaining excellent oral hygiene is a key first step in preventing swollen salivary glands by reducing mouth bacteria. Additionally, increasing your water intake and avoiding smoking and chewing tobacco can lower your risk of mouth infections, which can contribute to salivary gland issues. Submandibular gland swelling can often be effectively treated, especially when caused by a blocked salivary gland. However, always seek professional medical advice from your doctor or dentist for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment for any oral health concerns.