Submandibular Gland Swelling: An In - Depth Guide to Understanding and Treatment Strategies

Our salivary glands, often overlooked, play a vital role in our oral and digestive health. They produce saliva essential for chewing, swallowing, speaking, and protecting our teeth from decay. Among these, the submandibular glands, located beneath the lower jaw, are particularly important. Each side of your face has a walnut-sized submandibular gland that contributes enzymes for food breakdown and minerals to protect tooth enamel. What Causes Submandibular Gland Swelling? If you notice swelling underneath your lower jaw, it's often a sign of a swollen submandibular gland. The most frequent culprit is tiny salivary stones, or sialoliths, that block the ducts through which saliva flows into the mouth. These stones can form from salts in saliva, especially when you're dehydrated. Sialolithiasis is the most common salivary gland disease, with the submandibular gland being affected in the majority of cases (83%). While the exact reason for stone formation isn't always clear, they can be linked to conditions like liver disease and gout. A blocked duct can also lead to salivary gland infections. In such instances, swelling may be accompanied by redness and pus. Less commonly, tumors can cause salivary gland swelling. A tumor, whether cancerous or noncancerous, might feel firmer than swelling due from an infection. Cancerous tumors are typically very hard and fixed, while noncancerous ones might be movable. It's crucial to consult your dentist to pinpoint the exact cause of your submandibular gland swelling for an effective treatment plan. Treatment Options for Swollen Salivary Glands Prompt treatment of a swollen salivary gland, especially when caused by a stone, can prevent infection. Simple home remedies include increasing saliva production by drinking plenty of water and chewing sugar-free gum. Gently massaging the affected area may also help dislodge the stone. If home remedies aren't effective, your doctor or dentist might manually push out the stone or use a small instrument to remove it. In rare cases, surgical removal may be necessary. For those prone to salivary gland stones due to underlying conditions, treating those conditions can also reduce the risk of stone formation. For infections of the submandibular gland, your doctor can prescribe antibiotics and, if needed, drain any pus from an abscess. Swelling caused by a tumor typically requires surgical removal. Cancerous tumors demand urgent attention and ongoing monitoring. To alleviate pain associated with submandibular gland swelling, apply a warm compress to the area and rinse your mouth with salt water. Preventing Salivary Gland Swelling Maintaining excellent oral hygiene is a primary step in preventing swollen salivary glands by reducing mouth bacteria. Additionally, staying well-hydrated and avoiding smoking and chewing tobacco can significantly lower your risk of oral infections that contribute to these issues. While submandibular gland swelling is often due to easily treatable blockages, always seek a professional diagnosis from your doctor or dentist to properly assess and address this oral health condition.