Gum recession is a gradual process where the gum tissue surrounding your teeth wears away or pulls back, exposing more of the tooth or its root. This creates "pockets" or gaps between the teeth and gum line, which can become breeding grounds for disease-causing bacteria. If left unaddressed, this can lead to severe damage to the supporting tissue and bone structures, potentially resulting in tooth loss.
Many individuals are unaware they have gum recession due to its slow progression. The initial indicators are often increased tooth sensitivity or the appearance of a tooth looking longer than usual. A noticeable notch can also frequently be felt near the gum line. It's crucial not to overlook these signs. If you suspect your gums are receding, consult your dentist promptly, as various treatments can repair the gums and prevent further damage.
Why Do Gums Recede?
Several factors contribute to gum recession:
Periodontal Diseases: These bacterial infections of the gums destroy gum tissue and the supporting bone that holds teeth in place. Gum disease is the primary cause of gum recession.
Genetics: Some individuals are genetically predisposed to gum disease. Research indicates that approximately 30% of the population may be susceptible, irrespective of their oral hygiene habits.
Aggressive Tooth Brushing: Brushing too vigorously or incorrectly can erode tooth enamel and cause gums to recede.
Insufficient Dental Care: Inadequate brushing, flossing, and the lack of antibacterial mouthwash use allow plaque to harden into calculus (tartar). This tough substance accumulates on and between teeth, requiring professional removal, and can lead to gum recession.
Hormonal Changes: Fluctuations in female hormone levels during life stages such as puberty, pregnancy, and menopause can heighten gum sensitivity, making them more vulnerable to recession.
Tobacco Products: Tobacco users often develop sticky plaque that is difficult to remove, contributing to gum recession.
Grinding and Clenching Teeth: Applying excessive force to teeth through grinding or clenching can cause gums to recede.
Crooked Teeth or Misaligned Bite: When teeth do not align properly, uneven forces can be placed on the gums and bone, leading to recession.
Body Piercings (Lip or Tongue): Jewelry can rub against the gums, causing irritation and gradual wear of the gum tissue.
How Is Gum Recession Treated?
For mild gum recession, a deep cleaning, known as tooth scaling and root planing, may be sufficient. During this procedure, a dentist carefully removes plaque and tartar from tooth and root surfaces below the gum line. The exposed root area is then smoothed to hinder bacterial reattachment. Antibiotics may also be prescribed to eliminate any remaining harmful bacteria.
If gum recession is severe due to significant bone loss and excessively deep pockets, surgical intervention may be necessary to repair the damage.
Types of Surgery for Gum Recession:
Open Flap Scaling and Root Planing: The gum tissue is folded back, harmful bacteria are removed from the pockets, and the gum tissue is then snugly re-secured over the tooth root, reducing or eliminating the pockets.
Regeneration: If bone supporting the teeth has been destroyed, a regenerative procedure may be recommended. After removing bacteria, a regenerative material (such as a membrane, graft tissue, or tissue-stimulating protein) is applied to encourage natural bone and tissue regeneration. The gum tissue is then secured over the tooth root.
Soft Tissue Graft: The most common type is a connective tissue graft, where tissue from under a flap on the roof of the mouth (palate) is removed and stitched to the gum tissue around the exposed root. The flap on the palate is then stitched back. In a free gingival graft, tissue is taken directly from the roof of the mouth. If enough gum tissue is available near the affected teeth, a pedicle graft may be performed, using gum tissue from an adjacent area rather than the palate.
Your dentist will determine the most appropriate procedure based on your specific needs.
How Can Gum Recession Be Prevented?
The most effective way to prevent gum recession is through excellent oral hygiene. This includes daily brushing and flossing, along with regular dental check-ups and cleanings—at least twice a year, or as recommended by your dentist. If you have existing recession, more frequent visits might be advised. Always use a soft-bristled toothbrush and ask your dentist for proper brushing technique demonstrations. If a misaligned bite or teeth grinding is contributing to recession, discuss corrective options with your dentist.
Other preventive measures include:
Quitting smoking.
Maintaining a balanced and healthy diet.
Monitoring any changes in your mouth.
By diligently caring for your teeth, you can maintain a healthy smile for life.
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